Management of Urban Development - The complex value of temporary communities
The project NOMAD Nomad Management of Urban Development - The complex value of temporary communities is exploring the impacts of temporary uses and the role of urban nomads in the urban regeneration processes.
In Europe, more than eleven million dwellings are unoccupied. There is a lack of affordable space for housing and workplaces, while cities have many vacant spaces, representing a significant potential for new uses and activities. There are a lot of houses without people and people without houses, especially in some Mediterranean countries.
From the 1970s to now, the squat, anti-squat and various co-management forms of housing occupation movements have represented a strong space demand. Young people, activists or creatives, claim space and experiment with co-managed and innovative forms of living and working together. Temporary communities represent the urgent need for the right to the city. They inhabit spaces for a temporary time span, usually for low rents, and generate values through active use and management, but eventually must move if higher rents can be achieved or the space will be redeveloped. Examples of vacant spaces to be studied are vacant office buildings, houses disposed of by housing association portfolios, abandoned buildings, buildings in in retail areas that lack a financially feasible business model for commercial parties.
In virtuous cases, temporary communities function as placemakers. After realising temporary uses, temporary communities become urban nomads, voluntarily or not. Urban nomads are composed of diverse social categories: young and adults, students and workers, residents, immigrants or homeless. For some it may be a conscious decision, while for others there is simply no choice. They can generate vibrant neighbourhoods, new activities, improve street safety, and boost real estate value. As a consequence of increased real estate values, the temporary users who co-produced the increased value have to move and start again in often precarious conditions. This is the paradox that this research will focus on.
In this European context, although temporary communities develop sustainable practices, generate urban values and the topic of temporary (re)use is the focus of much experimentation and research, the complex values that they co-create, and co-produce are not evident in real estate (e)valuation practices and are not captured in urban regeneration.
Thus, NOMAD is studying the impact of temporary communities in urban contexts by revealing the different values they produce transforming vacant space into a lively place. Based on this, this research project aims to reveal:
Which values do urban nomads co-create and co-produce for vacant buildings and their neighbourhoods?
(1)
Monitoring
to know, understand and analyse the complex values produced by temporary.
How can values be identified and spatialised?
(2)
Mapping
to analyse the qualitative and quantitative changes in the urban context.
How can urban communities be better supported in temporary uses?
(3)
Upgrading
to operationalize the information and facilitate new processes.
The research starts from the observation of some significant cases in Delft, Rotterdam, Brussels and Paris
Research methodology and expected achievements
The research will unfold in two distinct phases and Work Packages, with the flexibility to iterate as needed. The primary phase will focus on monitoring and mapping, while the subsequent phase aims to define a collection of typologies of temporary uses according to the variable conditions that influence the generation of value. This phase will also contribute to building a comprehensive catalogue and developing a corresponding website. To provide a background, an in-depth literature review on the subject is currently underway. At the same time, the research has initiated an examination of significant and innovative cases in Rotterdam, Delft, and Brussels, focusing on community placemaking in the building and neighbourhood. The study will entail a thorough exploration of both qualitative and quantitative shifts in the urban services and atmosphere of each place. For this purpose, the case analysis encompasses a study of temporary use experiences, examining both qualitative and quantitative effects over time and across various scales. NOMAD is presently in the process of establishing a monitoring framework with indicators to describe and map the values generated by temporary communities. Then, the data collection process is incorporating statistical and spatial data, project reports, and fieldwork involving interviews, surveys, and focus groups. Following this, subsequent steps will include analyses, mapping exercises, and multi-criteria evaluations of the collected data. These efforts aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the researched phenomena from various perspectives. The monitoring framework is designed to establish a set of indicators that assess both quantitative and qualitative impacts. The qualitative investigation, focusing on subjective and intangible values, will entail activities such as interviews, focus groups, and the collection of subjective viewpoints. In the second phase of the research, diverse stakeholders will be invited to participate in inclusive co- design workshops for temporary uses. This approach aims to incorporate varied perspectives from different urban actors. As the research progresses, Social Multi-Criteria Evaluations will be applied to conduct a multi-dimensional impact assessment. This methodology allows for ongoing comparisons among cases, fostering the knowledge for the creation of an open and evolving common ground for decision-making related to temporary use. The availability and participation of partners concerning these elements will be crucial for the results. In fact, partners play a significant role in shaping the place narrative that illustrates impacts over time. This ongoing process of data collection and monitoring aim at being a dynamic knowledge-sharing and empowering tool for all actors involved. Interviews, workshop or focus groups and interviews can be tailored to each place needs. The final project's outputs will present impact assessment framework, insights from case study analyses, a multimedia map, a catalogue of temporary uses. These outputs aspire to encourage the activation of empty spaces for innovative and diverse temporary purposes. In this context, the project outputs do not merely aim to support processes to fill gaps or smoothen the city; rather, they strive to foster diversity and porosity. NOMAD want to serve as a reference for comprehending and navigating temporary use processes and their contradiction, centred around values, and considering the multitude of possibilities of inhabiting the city outside existing patterns.
Chiara Mazzarella, PhD
Marie-Skłodowska-Curie PostDoc Fellow
TU Delft / Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment
Department of Management in the Built Environment
Julianalaan 134, 2628 BL, Delft, NL
Tel: +31 (0)6 346 452 18
c.mazzarella-1@tudelft.nl
Associate Professor and head of the Real Estate Management section
Editor Journal of Sustainable Real Estate
TU Delft / Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment
Department of Management in the Built Environment
Julianalaan 134 – 2628 BL Delft
T +31 (0)6 392 512 29
h.t.remoy@tudelft.nl